سه گزارش سازمان ملل متحد درباره وضعیت حقوق بشر در جمهوری اسلامی ایران در طی هفته‌های اخیر منتشر شده‌اند. یافته‌های گزارش کمیته مستقل بین‌المللی حقیقت‌یاب نشان می‌دهد که سرکوب اعتراضات دی ۱۴۰۴ از سوی مقام‌های جمهوری اسلامی، مصداق جنایت علیه بشریت از جمله قتل، حبس، شکنجه و سایر اعمال غیرانسانی است. این گزارش هم‌چنین اعلام می‌کند که دلایل معقولی برای این باور وجود دارد که ایالات متحده آمریکا، با حمله بدون تمایز (میان نظامیان و غیرنظامیان) به دبستان در میناب و استفاده از مهمات خوشه‌ای در محدوده یک مرکز ورزشی و خانه‌های مسکونی در لامرد مرتکب جنایت جنگی شده است.  ohchr.org/sites/default/file… گزارش دبیرکل سازمان ملل بازه زمانی مرداد ۱۴۰۴ - اردیبهشت ۱۴۰۵ را پوشش می‌دهد. این گزارش نشان می‌دهد که مقام‌های جمهوری اسلامی، چطور با توسل به امنیت ملی و علیرغم وجود ملاحظات جدی در مورد دادرسی عادلانه، اعدام‌ها را گسترش دادند، بازداشت‌های گسترده انجام دادند و اینترنت را قطع کردند. تحریم‌ها، مخاصمات و قطع اینترنت تنگنای اجتماعی اقتصادی موجود از پیش را عمیق‌تر کرد و حقوق اجتماعی اقتصادی را تحت‌تأثیر قرار داد. توصیه‌های این گزارش شامل تغییرات ساختاری است: اصلاحات در سطوح قانون‌گذاری و قانون اساسی و تعلیق مجازات اعدام. این گزارش‌ از دولت‌های عضو درخواست می‌کند که به مخاصمات پایان دهند، و حقوق بشر را در مراودات دیپلماتیک و اقتصادی با ایران بگنجانند.   ohchr.org/en/documents/count…   گزارش من حول آسیب‌ها تنظیم شده است: کشته‌شده‌ها و اعدام‌شده‌ها، بازداشت‌شده‌ها و ناپدیدشدگان، مدافعان، مستندکنندگان و سازمان‌دهندگان، معیشت مردم، و محیط زیست. در هرکدام از این‌ موارد، منبع آسیب از خارج و داخل به هم می‌رسند. هشدارهای مربوط به حملات قریب‌الوقوع در شبکه‌های اجتماعی منتشر می‌شدند؛ شبکه‌هایی که به‌دلیل قطعی اینترنت اعمال‌شده از سوی مقام‌ها جمهوری اسلامی، دیگر در دسترس نبودند. همچنین گزارش‌هایی وجود دارد مبنی بر اینکه هنگام حملات، زندانیان در سلول‌های خود محبوس نگه داشته شدند. جنگ نه‌تنها از شدت سرکوب نکاست، بلکه آن را تشدید کرد: معترضان به‌عنوان عوامل کشورهای متخاصم معرفی شدند و اعدام‌ها در سراسر این دوره ادامه یافت. سنگین‌ترین بار این وضعیت بر دوش کسانی افتاد که پیش از این نیز در حاشیه جامعه قرار داشتند. از همین رو، توصیه‌های من همه طرف‌ها را مخاطب قرار می‌دهد: ایران، ایالات متحده و اسرائیل، و همچنین تمامی دولت‌ها. ohchr.org/en/documents/count… چیزی که در بین این گزارش‌ها مشترک است، مصونیت از مجازات است. در جریان هیچ‌گونه  تحقیق و تفحصی از سوی مقام‌های ایرانی درباره کشتارهایی که نیروهای آنان مرتکب شده‌اند، نیستم؛ ایالات متحده و اسرائیل نیز هیچ یافته‌ای درباره حملات خود منتشر نکرده‌اند. وقتی مسئولان حاضر نیستند درباره اقدامات خود تحقیق کنند، مستندسازی مستقل تنها چیزی است که میان قربانیان و محو شدن حقیقت و خاطره آنان از تاریخ قرار می‌گیرد. این گزارش‌ها که بر پایه تلاش‌های بازماندگان، خانواده‌ها و جامعه مدنی تهیه شده‌اند، همان سابقه مستند و ماندگاری هستند که پاسخ‌گویی در آینده به آن وابسته خواهد بود. تا آن زمان، این گزارش‌ها همگی بر ضرورت اقداماتی که در حال حاضر باید انجام شوند تأکید دارند: پایان دادن به مخاصمات از طریق دیپلماسی، با قرار دادن حقوق بشر در کانون هرگونه توافق؛ توقف اعدام‌ها؛ آزادی افرادی که به‌دلیل اعمال حقوق خود بازداشت شده‌اند؛ تحقیق مستقل درباره تک‌تک مرگ‌ها؛ و فراهم کردن دسترسی سازوکارهای سازمان ملل متحد.

Ahead of the World Day Against the Death Penalty, my mandate issued a press release on the use of the death penalty in Iran, joined by other UN experts. ohchr.org/en/press-releases/… Iran: UN experts urge immediate halt to executions as country drives global surge GENEVA (9 October 2026) – UN experts* today called on Iranian authorities to immediately halt all executions, warning that Iran is among a shrinking group of States that still execute, and by far the most prolific per head of population. “Iran has seen too much death: lives lost to war and lives taken by their own State,” the experts said. In January 2026, security forces killed thousands of protesters – conduct the Independent International Fact-Finding Mission found amounted to crimes against humanity. “What happened cannot be undone, but what happens to those now facing execution lies entirely within the authorities’ control.” No one arrested over the protests should be executed, regardless of the accusations brought against them. “The cases brought to our attention are so riddled with procedural unfairness and underlying gross human rights violations, including torture, enforced disappearances, sexual violence, coerced confessions and denial of access to lawyers of their choosing, especially at the investigation stage, that this alone should rule out execution,” the experts said. “Iran’s death penalty is used to silence dissent, with broadly defined national security offences recasting peaceful activity as a threat. That must change,” they said. “Iran’s own history shows that grievances left unaddressed resurface, however brutally they are repressed. Executions do not end dissent, but breed the next wave of it.” While attention focuses on security cases, most executions in Iran are for homicide, under qisas (retribution-in-kind), and for drug-related offences. Such executions are an easy substitute for the harder work of confronting the main drivers of homicides and the drug trade, including poverty, discrimination and gender-based violence. Those executed for drug offences appear to be overwhelmingly low-level couriers driven by hardship, many from marginalised ethnic minorities, and not those at the top of the trade. Qisas removes responsibility from judges, and places life and death in the hands of victims’ families, where the ability to pay diya (blood money) can decide who lives. This is also deeply gendered: women unable to afford diya are executed for killing abusive husbands, often after child marriage and years of violence in a country where women have neither legal protection from domestic violence, nor the means to escape it. The experts noted that consensual same-sex acts and religious offences, such as apostasy, remain punishable by death. “Regardless of the number of executions carried out for these offences, as long as these laws exist, people cannot hold, change or leave a religion or belief, or live openly according to their sexual orientation. They cannot express who they are without fear.” The experts urged authorities to establish an immediate moratorium on executions as a first step towards abolition, to commute all death sentences and to review every case against fair trial standards. “A moratorium would send a powerful message to the people of Iran: that the State’s use of lethal force can end, and that the country can move away from a system that has produced far too many arbitrary executions,” the experts said. *The experts: Mai Sato, the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran Graeme Reid, the Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity Morris Tidball-Binz, the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions Nazila Ghanea, the Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief Margaret Satterthwaite , the Special Rapporteur on the independence of judges and lawyers Leopoldo Maldonado Gutiérrez, the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression Gina Romero, the Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association Andrea Bolaños Vargas, the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders Richard Bennett, the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Afghanistan Matthew Gillett (Chair-Rapporteur), Ms. Ganna Yudkivska (Vice-Chair for Communications), Mr. Ethan Hee-Seok Shin (Vice-Chair for Follow-Up), Ms. Miriam Estrada Castillo and Mr. Mumba Malila, the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention Claudia Flores (Chair), Ivana Krstić (Vice-Chair), Dorothy Estrada-Tanck, Haina Lu, and Laura Nyirinkindi, the Working Group on discrimination against women and girls Grażyna Baranowska (Chair-Rapporteur), Ana Lorena Delgadillo Pérez (Vice-Chair), Aua Baldé, Gabriella Citroni and Mohamed Al Obaidi, the Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances Pau Pérez-Sales, the Special Rapporteur on Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment

“On the night of 27 July, people kept vigil in Alikhani Square until dawn. There is something profoundly human about it: standing in the darkness so that another person does not have to face death alone.” This comes from the testimonies of people who rushed to Alikhani Square that night. The square had been prepared for the public execution of three protesters from the January 2026 protests in Isfahan. A scaffold had been erected; families had been summoned. There was a heavy security presence surrounding the area. People rushed there to stop the executions. They were met with violence, including lethal force. Yet people stayed refusing to give up on the men's lives until the very last moment. Gathering to plead for a life is not a crime, least of all against a public execution, which is incompatible with international human rights law. In the end, two of the three men were executed that night in public before the eyes of their families, and of the people who had spent the night hoping to save them. They were made to witness every moment. Public execution turns death into a spectacle and exposes an entire society to the violence of the State. Alireza Sepahi was not executed that night, but he was far from safe. He was executed today, 5 October. He was arrested at his home on 10 January 2026, and was one of 12 defendants sentenced to death in the case concerning the deaths of four security personnel at Alikhani Square, which the defendants were accused of causing. The case has been accompanied by serious allegations concerning the treatment of the defendants and the fairness of the proceedings. Reports say that Sepahi’s mother was tortured in his presence, and that he and his cousin were beaten and tortured in front of members of their family. Sepahi was sentenced to death by the Isfahan Revolutionary Court and was scheduled to be publicly hanged that night, alongside the other two men. But shortly before the scheduled execution, he suffered a heart attack and was transferred to hospital. He was discharged a few days later and returned to prison, where he lived every day in fear of execution, until the moment arrived. On 2 September, his appeal was accepted and his case was referred for retrial. However, the Isfahan Revolutionary Court reportedly dismissed the application without holding a hearing. The sentence was carried our early hours of 5 October, while his lawyer and legal counsel were still trying to find a way for his retrial. Public executions constitute cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment. No one should face this punishment, and no society should be made to watch. My mandate’s communication about Alireza Sepahi would be published here soon. spcommreports.ohchr.org/Tmse…