
ALT Diagram describing how insect endosymbionts act as crucial evolutionary drivers, ultimately leading to the formation of morphologically similar yet genetically distinct cryptic insect species through multiple mechanisms. These mechanisms include promoting ecological adaptation divergence through enhanced nutrient metabolism and stress resistance, facilitating genetic integration via horizontal gene transfer, and inducing reproductive isolation, such as cytoplasmic incompatibility.

ALT Cover of JSE September 2026 special issue celebrating JSE’s 75th Anniversary. The central “75” artwork depicts a diverse terrestrial ecosystem featuring plants, animals, and microbes, and the background showcases a series of previous JSE covers. This design emphasizes genome evolution and celebrates 75 years of advancing phylogeny and evolutionary biology. Cover design by Taikui Zhang, illustration by Zhiling Li.

ALT Cover of JSE September 2026 special issue celebrating JSE’s 75th Anniversary. The central “75” artwork depicts a diverse terrestrial ecosystem featuring plants, animals, and microbes, and the background showcases a series of previous JSE covers. This design emphasizes genome evolution and celebrates 75 years of advancing phylogeny and evolutionary biology. Cover design by Taikui Zhang, illustration by Zhiling Li.

ALT Morphology and phylogenetic analysis of Elongatitarsus falcatus gen. & sp. nov., a conspecific male–female pair from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber (~99 Ma) that bridges the morphological gap between extant Gryllidae systematics and the fragmentary compression-fossil record. Maximum parsimony analyses across three character partitions demonstrate that venation-only matrices yield unstable topologies with low support, whereas integrative morphological data recover well-supported relationships partially congruent with molecular phylogenies. This integrative framework establishes a transferable baseline for placing fragmentary fossil taxa.

ALT Diagrams illustrating the difference in soil-nitrogen conditions between paddy fields (mainly in the form of ammonium, NH4+) and dry fields (mainly in the form of nitrate, NO3−), highlighting that these conditions form a main environmental factor driving adaptive differentiation between upland and lowland rice ecotypes.
















