Messi is going to the World Cup final!!!!! Great game, heartbreaking for England. Two legendary teams. What an amazing world cup🤯 LFG!

Happy Birthday America! To me, the greatest nation on Earth. 250 years of loudly arguing our way toward a more perfect union 😂 We're in this together, I love you all! ❤️ PS: World Cup has been amazing. US in the round of 16, LFG! Also, I'm a long-time huge fan of Argentina and Messi, but Cape Verde vs Argentina was one of the greatest games I've ever seen. That is what the World Cup is all about!

Here's my conversation with Anthony Kaldellis about the deep history of the Roman Empire in the west and the east (the Byzantine Empire). This was a truly fascinating conversation with a lot of wisdom for the modern world and for the future of human civilization. The Roman state lasted over 2,200 years. If we want to understand human nature, the modern world, and how humanity can flourish, it is valuable to study history, especially the history of why societies survive and why they collapse. It's here on X in full and is up everywhere else (see comment). Timestamps: 0:00 - Episode highlight 1:24 - Introduction 1:51 - The Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire 5:49 - 2,200 Years of Roman History 26:12 - Power, violence, and civil war 47:27 - Edict of Caracalla 1:00:23 - Crisis of the Third Century 1:14:52 - Constantine and the new Roman Empire 1:26:53 - Christianity in the Roman Empire 1:52:21 - Fall of the Western Roman Empire 2:05:17 - Eunuchs, Taxes, and Power 2:30:24 - Emperor Justinian and wars of conquest 2:47:26 - The Arab conquests 3:07:01 - Why the Roman empire survived so long 3:33:08 - Lessons from history

SpaceX will help expand humanity out to the stars. It makes me excited for the future! Huge congrats to Elon and the SpaceX team 👊

Here's the links for my conversation with Anthony Kaldellis: YouTube: youtube.com/watch?v=pv1TUJSE… Spotify: open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0B… Podcast: lexfridman.com/podcast

I got to spend all day today with Jensen in Taiwan: talking with thousands of engineers and eating street food at a night market. Jensen is received as a rockstar in Taiwan, like it's Beatles in the 60's. It's mind-blowing and fun to watch. But most importantly, through all the interactions and all my conversations with him, he remained the same humble, kind, thoughtful, funny guy he always was, even as a kid who went to these same night markets many years ago. Btw, we tried a crazy amount of different street food. It's legit some of the most delicious food I've ever had. I can't wait to share video of it, including a ton of our conversations and hangout. When I can pause for a moment from all the travel to edit the video, I'll post it. Can't wait to continue talking to Jensen and engineers at Computex this week, and exploring more of Taiwan, and of course roaming the night markets for some more delicious street food. Days like these, even more than usual, I feel like the luckiest kid in the world. Love you all! ❤️

Here's my conversation with Don Lincoln about some of the biggest open questions in physics, including dark energy, dark matter, the matter-antimatter imbalance, quantum vacuum, quantum foam, and the quest to unify the laws of physics. Don is a particle physicist at Fermilab who has spent decades working at the frontiers of high energy physics. He is also a great teacher & writer. I highly recommend his courses & books. One of my favorite lecture series he has given is The Evidence for Modern Physics where he breaks down the experiments that validate some of the weird laws of physics we have, and what it would take to validate even the weirder ones. It's not enough to come up with a beautiful theory. You also have to show through experiment that the theory is likely to be correct. This process often doesn't get the love it deserves, even though it's often the most important and difficult part of the scientific process. I ❤️ physics. The conversation is here on X in full and is up everywhere else (see comment). Timestamps: 0:00 - Introduction 0:49 - Unifying the laws of nature 15:20 - General relativity 32:27 - Electroweak force 44:09 - How particle colliders work 1:02:12 - Higgs boson discovery 1:12:32 - Theory of everything 1:42:17 - Physics of empty space 1:49:41 - Antimatter 2:10:31 - Dark energy 2:14:20 - Dark matter 2:42:56 - Future of physics

Here's the links for my conversation with Jensen Huang, CEO of NVIDIA: YouTube: youtube.com/watch?v=vif8NQcj… Spotify: open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0B… Podcast: lexfridman.com/podcast

It was an honor to hang out with Jensen Huang, CEO of @nvidia, and do a long-form podcast with him. Really fun & fascinating technical deep-dive conversation on & off the mic. One of the most brilliant & thoughtful human beings I've ever met. NVIDIA is the most valuable company in the world by market cap and is the engine powering the AI revolution. Podcast probably out tomorrow (Monday) unless I get stuck in too many interesting conversations while running around in SF ;-) PS: I haven't checked my messages in days. Sorry for slow replies 🙏 Trying to stay deeply focused at in overwhelmingly intense time & barely hanging on. Love you all ❤️

Here's my conversation with Jeff Kaplan, a legendary Blizzard game designer of World of Warcraft and Overwatch, which are two of the biggest, most influential games ever made. Jeff is one of the most genuine & awesome human beings I've ever met: kind, thoughtful, hilarious, and still & forever a gamer through and through. This was a truly fun & inspiring conversation. We talk about it all: the lows, the highs, the memes, the details of the game design process, and the new game he's been secretely working on: The Legend of California. I got a chance to play the game with Jeff, and it's incredibly beautiful (and fun). You can wishlist it on Steam now. I can't wait to play it with all of you! Conversation is here on X in full and is up everywhere else (see comment). Timestamps: 0:00 - Episode highlight 1:27 - Introduction 4:07 - Early games: Pac-Man, Zork, Doom, Quake 18:33 - Writing career - 170 rejection letters 34:06 - EverQuest obsession 47:04 - Getting hired at Blizzard 1:02:32 - Lowest point in Jeff's life 1:08:37 - One of Us 1:12:54 - Early Blizzard culture 1:32:36 - Building World of Warcraft 1:50:20 - How WoW changed video games 2:07:42 - Single-player vs Multi-player 2:28:35 - How Blizzard made great video games 2:54:25 - Online toxicity 3:01:59 - Why Titan failed 3:19:09 - Overwatch in six weeks 3:46:07 - Best Overwatch heroes 3:54:37 - The challenge of matchmaking 3:58:01 - Rust 4:08:22 - Why Jeff left Blizzard 4:30:35 - Diablo IV 4:32:03 - Getting back to making video games 4:40:59 - The Legend of California 4:54:44 - Greatest video game of all time 5:02:51 - AI and future of video games

Here's the links for my conversation with Jeff Kaplan: YouTube: youtube.com/watch?v=H9rF1CSS… Spotify: open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0B… Podcast: lexfridman.com/podcast

Here's my conversation with Peter Steinberger (@steipete), creator of OpenClaw, an open-source AI agent that has taken the Internet by storm, with now over 180,000 stars on GitHub. This was a truly mind-blowing, inspiring, and fun conversation! It's here on X in full and is up everywhere else (see comment). Timestamps: 0:00 - Episode highlight 1:30 - Introduction 5:36 - OpenClaw origin story 8:55 - Mind-blowing moment 18:22 - Why OpenClaw went viral 22:19 - Self-modifying AI agent 27:04 - Name-change drama 44:15 - Moltbook saga 52:34 - OpenClaw security concerns 1:01:14 - How to code with AI agents 1:32:09 - Programming setup 1:38:52 - GPT Codex 5.3 vs Claude Opus 4.6 1:47:59 - Best AI agent for programming 2:09:59 - Life story and career advice 2:13:56 - Money and happiness 2:17:49 - Acquisition offers from OpenAI and Meta 2:34:58 - How OpenClaw works 2:46:17 - AI slop 2:52:20 - AI agents will replace 80% of apps 3:00:57 - Will AI replace programmers? 3:12:57 - Future of OpenClaw community

Here's my conversation with historian Lars Brownworth all about the Vikings, from the start of the Vikings Age to the conquest of Europe and beyond. This was an epic & mind-blowing conversation. It's here on X in full and is up everywhere else (see comment). Timestamps: 0:00 - Episode highlight 1:17 - Introduction 2:37 - The start of the Viking Age 12:30 - Viking military strategy, tactics & technology 26:13 - Ragnar Lothbrok 35:40 - The Great Heathen Army 40:23 - Rollo and Normandy 50:34 - Viking religion and Valhalla 1:01:06 - Viking explorers 1:06:13 - Vikings in North America 1:19:35 - Vikings in the East 1:39:14 - Byzantine Empire 1:47:57 - History and human nature

Here's the links for my conversation with historian Lars Brownworth all about the Vikings. YouTube: youtube.com/watch?v=iKx3gAOD… Spotify: open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0B… Podcast: lexfridman.com/podcast

This life is fucking amazing. I'm so grateful to be alive, with all of you on this miracle of a planet. Oh and I'm sorry if I fuck things up sometimes. I'm a flawed human. But I promise to do whatever I can to try to add some more understanding and love to this world. After the world leader convos I get attacked intensely by all sides, and many disparate online communities. It has led to some really low points for me mentally. But I don't matter. I'm listening. I'll do better. And I'll try to find the strength to do more of them, always with rigor and backbone, seeking to truly understand. And despite accusations, I do extremely high amounts of research, sometimes 100+ hours for a conversation. Ask many of my previous guests. But when I come to the table, I put all that aside, and make it all about the other person. I don't ever try to sound smart. I know the vastness of my ignorance. But I'm trying. Sometimes I do fuck up and sound like a douche, or do something incredibly cringe. And I hate myself right after. But I'd rather fail and embarrass myself a million times, than not do what my heart says is right. And besides world leaders, historians, CEOs, engineers, etc, this year I want to travel the world and talk to a lot more everyday people on and off the mic. This is something I've wanted to do for a long time. Anyway this is written while on I'm on a 10 mile run, probably procrastinating, since to type I have to walk and not run 🤣 But I did just get stopped by a super smart and kind girl who works at a humanoid robotics company here. And she asked if she can give me a hug to thank me for being me. Sometimes the universe sends you a message that even a dumb dude like me can almost hear. I really needed that today. Thank you for the hug and the kindness 🙏 I'm just hoping she was real and I didn't just imagine that 🤣 Then again if I went full crazy might as well enjoy it! Back to the run. I love you all! ❤️

Same, I have a similar setup. A mix of Obsidian, Cursor (for md), and vibe-coded web terminals as front-end. Since I do a podcast, the number/diversity of research interests is very large. But the knowledge-base approach has been working great. For answers, I often have it generate dynamic html (with js) that allows me to sort/filter data and to tinker with visualizations interactively. Another useful thing is I have the system generate a temporary focused mini-knowledge-base for a particular topic that I then load into an LLM for voice-mode interaction on a long 7-10 mile run. So it becomes an interactive podcast while I run, where I ask it questions and listen to the answers to learn more. Anyway, heading out for a run now, thanks for the write-up 👊

Humans just launched into space, on their way to the moon (flyby around it). It'll be farthest humans have ever traveled into deep space 🤯 Congrats to all the incredible engineers & teams involved! LFG!!!!!!!

Here's my conversation with Jensen Huang, CEO of NVIDIA, the most valuable & one of the most influential companies in the history of human civilization. It is the engine powering the AI revolution. This was a fascinating & inspiring conversation, in parts super-technical on engineering of every part of the AI stack, memory, power, supply chain (TSMC, ASML, etc), in parts about leadership & psychology, and in parts personal & philosophical about life, consciousness, mortality, and human nature. It's here on X in full and is up everywhere else (see comment). Timestamps: 0:00 - Introduction 0:33 - Extreme co-design and rack-scale engineering 3:18 - How Jensen runs NVIDIA 22:40 - AI scaling laws 37:40 - Biggest blockers to AI scaling laws 39:23 - Supply chain 41:18 - Memory 47:24 - Power 52:43 - Elon and Colossus 56:11 - Jensen's approach to engineering and leadership 1:01:37 - China 1:09:50 - TSMC and Taiwan 1:15:04 - NVIDIA's moat 1:20:41 - AI data centers in space 1:24:30 - Will NVIDIA be worth $10 trillion? 1:34:39 - Leadership under pressure 1:48:25 - Video games 1:55:16 - AGI timeline 1:57:29 - Future of programming 2:11:01 - Consciousness 2:17:22 - Mortality

Also, here's a Neurips pic for the memes, with Dylan and Nathan. Both are super-interesting voices in the AI world whose writing everyone should follow. We did a great AI-focused podcast episode last year, and will probably do many more. Nathan Lambert: @natolambert (@interconnectsai) Dylan Patel: @dylan522p (@SemiAnalysis_) Podcast: youtube.com/watch?v=_1f-o0nq… Other people's writing & tweets I recommend: @rasbt @cwolferesearch @dwarkesh_sp @swyx @simonw There's many more I'm forgetting! Please give suggestions of technical folks I should follow & read.