Pradeep Kumar (@PKumarJHB) profile picture

Personal Professor (Pharmaceutical Sciences) at Wits, Biomaterials researcher, Molecular mechanist, and Image analyst

Johannesburg, South Africa
Joined January 2011
Photo by Pradeep Kumar (@PKumarJHB)Photo by Pradeep Kumar (@PKumarJHB)Photo by Pradeep Kumar (@PKumarJHB)Photo by Pradeep Kumar (@PKumarJHB)Photo by Pradeep Kumar (@PKumarJHB)Photo by Pradeep Kumar (@PKumarJHB)Photo by Pradeep Kumar (@PKumarJHB)Photo by Pradeep Kumar (@PKumarJHB)Photo by Pradeep Kumar (@PKumarJHB)Photo by Pradeep Kumar (@PKumarJHB)
Pradeep Kumar retweeted
I taught JEE physics for years. That paper breaks strong kids in three hours. This exam is five hours of theory and five hours of lab work, and these five did close to perfect scores on it. Let me tell you what actually happened. The International Physics Olympiad is the world championship of school physics. It was the 56th edition. Held in Bucaramanga, Colombia, from July 5 to 12. 381 students. More than 85 countries. Every one of them the best physics student their country could find. India sent five kids. All five came back with gold. Their names are Kanishk Jain from Pune. Riddhesh Anant Bendale from Indore. Rishit Garg from Dwarka in Delhi. Shresth Suraiya from Mumbai. Svarit Joshi from Ahmedabad. We know a hundred cricketers by their nickname and not one of these boys. :) That clean sweep put India at joint World Number One. Tied with China, Russia, Kazakhstan, South Korea and Taiwan. Those are countries that pour serious money and national pride into science education. We are standing level with them. Now here is what the exam actually was. Two papers. Each five hours long. The theory paper had three problems. One on the thermodynamics of paramagnetic cooling. One on the photoionisation of ozone. One on the dynamics of electron positron pairs. The experimental paper was another five hours in a lab, working through heat transfer and thermodynamic processes in fluids. That means you get given equipment you have never seen, and you have to design your own experiment, take your own readings, handle the errors, and reach a real answer. Not multiple choice. No shortcuts. No pattern recognition. You either understand physics or you sit there for five hours. HBCSE says the Indian students were near perfect on theory and excellent on the practical too. Now, this was India's 27th appearance at the IPhO. Across all those years, about 44 percent of Indian students have won gold, 41 percent silver, 10 percent bronze. In the last ten years, every single Indian student has come home with a medal. 62 percent gold, 38 percent silver. Not one kid has gone and come back empty handed in a decade. Five golds in one year has happened only twice. This year, and in 2018. So who built this. The programme is run by HBCSE, the Homi Bhabha Centre for Science Education. It sits under TIFR, which sits under the Department of Atomic Energy. They run the whole funnel. A national exam, then a national olympiad, then a brutal selection and training camp, and out of everyone in the country, five kids get on a plane. The team was led by Professor Anwesh Mazumdar of HBCSE-TIFR and Dr Leena Joshi from St Xavier's College, Mumbai. The scientific observers were Professor Ananda Dasgupta from IISER Kolkata and Nisha Kelkar from Gogate-Joglekar College in Ratnagiri. Yes. Ratnagiri. A college in a small coastal town in Maharashtra. This is public education doing something the private coaching industry could never do on its own. The coaching industry is very good at one thing. Teaching you to solve a known problem fast. That is what JEE and NEET reward, and I say that with love because I was part of that world. But an olympiad paper does not have a known type. There is no shortcut chapter. There is no formula sheet that saves you. You have to sit with a problem you have never seen and think. That is a completely different muscle. And a government funded centre has been quietly building it in Indian teenagers for 27 years. So yes, be proud. Loudly. HBCSE also shared that around 64 percent of India's olympiad medallists go on to do a PhD. But only about 32 percent of medallists end up settling in India. I do not say that to spoil the moment. These kids owe the country nothing. They earned every option they have. But it should tell us something. We are excellent at finding this talent. We are excellent at training it. We are still not great at giving it somewhere worth staying. Congratulations Kanishk, Riddhesh, Rishit, Shresth and Svarit. This is one of the best things an Indian did this year and most of the country will never hear about it.
🇮🇳 India Tops the World at the 56th International Physics Olympiad 2026! 🥇🥇🥇🥇🥇India's young physicists deliver an extraordinary performance at #IPhO2026 in Colombia. All five members of the Indian team win Gold Medals. 1/3 @PMOIndia @DrJitendraSingh @HBCSE_TIFR @TIFRScience
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The next frontier in protein design will not be defined by structure alone, but by the capacity to engineer motion as a first-class principle of function. This is because dynamics is where the real biology lives. Foundational work by Karplus, Levitt & Warshel made clear that chemistry cannot be understood without motion, mechanism, and scale. Gō, Brooks & others showed that proteins possess characteristic collective motions - low-frequency normal modes that capture how whole molecules bend, breathe, and fluctuate. Frauenfelder then sharpened the picture further: proteins are not static objects occupying a single minimum, but dynamic ensembles traversing rugged energy landscapes. And yet the modern AI revolution in protein science has been, above all, a revolution in structure. In our new paper in Matter, @_Bo_Ni and I ask a different question: not what structure will this sequence adopt? but what sequence will realize a prescribed pattern of motion? VibeGen inverts the conventional design paradigm. Rather than treating dynamics as a consequence to be analyzed after the fact, it makes dynamics the design objective from the outset. Using a language diffusion model with two cooperating agents - a designer that proposes sequences and a predictor that critiques them against the target motion profile - the system converges on de novo proteins with tailored vibrational behavior. One of the most intriguing results is a form of functional degeneracy - distinct sequences and distinct folds can satisfy the same target dynamical specification. For a given functional pattern of motion, evolution may have sampled only a small region of the physically realizable design space. The space of viable molecular mechanics may be far larger than the repertoire biology happened to discover. We have made "vibe" into a cultural metaphor - something intuitive, affective, subjective. But at the molecular scale, vibe is not metaphor: It is physics. For a protein, the vibe is the pattern of motion itself; the fluctuations, resonances, and collective displacements that determine what the molecule can do.
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Replying to @CityPowerJhb
@CityPowerJhb OUTAGE- 11th Str, Parkhurst (2 blocks between 2nd & 4th Ave) This is SEPARATE to the Hursthill outage! 🚨 It's our substation trip switch. How do I know this, because it is a recurring problem. Please help! 🙏
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Cancer is the worst. Scientists captured an image of how cancer cells create nanotubes to literally "hijack"mitochondria from immune cells.
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🎉🥳🫶 The @GlobalYAcademy is celebrating 15 Years Young! Our founding workshop took place from 14-16 Feb. 2010 in Berlin, Germany, and was hosted by @Junge_Akademie and sponsored by the @IAPartnership and the @Leopoldina. #GYA15yearsYoung #Moretocome
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Wits University is internationally distinguished for its research, high academic standards, and commitment to social justice in Africa and beyond. #WitsForGood #WitsUniversity #ChooseWits 💙🏛️
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Pradeep Kumar retweeted
⚪️🟢Match Result We came, we saw, and WE CONQUERED.👏🇿🇦😃 A partnership for the history books! From near misses to heart-stopping moments, South Africa pulls off an incredible victory by 2 wickets. 🏏 This one will be remembered for some time to come!✨ #WozaNawe #BePartOfIt #SAvPAK
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Pradeep Kumar retweeted
Lord’s Cricket Ground, here we come!🏏🏟️😃 The Proteas have secured their spot in the WTC Final next year, where we will face either Australia or India, as per the current rankings.🏆 #WozaNawe #BePartOfIt #SAvPAK
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There is a lot we can learn with one image! Check the channels separated 1 - Astrocytes being part of the blood-brain-barrier, look at this vessel shape! 2 - Red blood cells lack nuclei so they can be very tiny! 3 - Green cells inside the vessels are macrophages not microglia!
A #FluorescenceFriday fresh from the microscope! Check these neurons 🟠 opening space to allow a blood vessel to pass between them! Astrocytes🔵 and microglia 🟢 give the blood vessel shape and check the red blood cells 🔴 inside. Isn't the brain pretty? 🔬🧠
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Despite ongoing challenges around the world, the collaborative spirit of the GYA gives us reason to enter into the holidays with a sense of optimism. Wishing you all a peaceful, healthy and prosperous 2025. Note: GYA Offices close on 20 December and re-open on 7 January 2025.
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The history of Quantum Physics in one tweet ✍️ 1900: Max Planck introduces the quantum hypothesis to explain black body radiation. 1905: Albert Einstein proposes the light quantum hypothesis to explain the photoelectric effect. 1924: Louis de Broglie suggests particles can exhibit wave-like behavior. 1925: Werner Heisenberg formulates matrix mechanics, the first version of quantum mechanics. 1926: Erwin Schrödinger develops wave mechanics and the Schrödinger equation. 1927: Heisenberg states the uncertainty principle, which shows precision limits for measuring pairs of physical properties. 1928: Paul Dirac formulates the Dirac equation, laying the groundwork for quantum field theory and predicting the existence of antimatter. 1935: Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen publish the EPR paradox challenging quantum mechanics' completeness. 1947: Richard Feynman, Julian Schwinger, and Sin-Itiro Tomonaga independently develop the foundations of Quantum Electrodynamics (QED), which describes how light and matter interact. 1954: Chen Ning Yang and Robert Mills develop non-abelian gauge theories, paving the way for the development of QCD. 1961: Sheldon Glashow introduces a unification scheme for electromagnetic and weak interactions, an early step towards the Standard Model. 1964: John Bell proposes Bell's theorem, showing quantum entanglement cannot be explained by local hidden variables. 1964: Murray Gell-Mann and George Zweig, independently, propose the quark model for hadrons, leading to the concept of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) as the theory of strong interactions. 1973: David Gross, Frank Wilczek, and Hugh David Politzer discover asymptotic freedom in QCD, explaining how quarks behave inside nucleons, and strengthening QCD as the theory of the strong force. 1979: The Nobel Prize in Physics is awarded to Sheldon Glashow, Abdus Salam, and Steven Weinberg for their contributions to the unification of the weak force and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, using the framework of Quantum Field Theory. 1982: Alain Aspect's experiment confirms quantum entanglement, supporting Bell's theorem.
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Pradeep Kumar retweeted
Replying to @ASSAf_Official
@ASSAf_Official @dstigovza @SAYAS_SA invites you to a webinar on Youth in Internationalisation of South African STI: Science Leadership. assaf-org-za.zoom.us/meeting… @GYA_GloSYS @GlobalYAcademy @NRF_News @africascidip @mediauj @unisa @UPTuks #ScienceLeadership #ECRSouthAfrica
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What is the meaning of life? Hear 2021 chemistry laureate Benjamin List answer the question we all are trying to find an answer to. #NobelPrize
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📢📢Scholarship Programme for Diaspora Children (SPDC) - scholarship scheme of @MEAIndia to assist the Children of Persons of Indian Origin (PIOs)/ Overseas Citizens of India (OCIs) and NRIs, pursuing Undergraduate courses  in 🇮🇳 Universities/Institutes.
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Scientists announced on Thursday a milestone in neurobiological research with the mapping of the entire brain of an adult fruit fly, a feat that may provide insight into brains across the animal kingdom, including people. reut.rs/3YblDAL reut.rs/3YblDAL
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An integrated long-acting implant of clinical safe cells, drug and biomaterials effectively promotes spinal cord repair and restores motor functions. | Jianqing Gao @ZJU_China | [50 days' free access] #implant #hydrogel #SpinalCordRepair kwnsfk27.r.eu-west-1.awstrac…
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🏅 Silver Glory for #TeamSA! 🇿🇦 #ForMyCountry #Olympics
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Unite mind, body and spirit on Yoga Day! Join us on June 22 at Wanderers Cricket Stadium! Limited seats available...Hurry up and register now bit.ly/CGIJHB #InternationalYogaDay
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Pradeep Kumar retweeted
🤖 Cell Culture: Implementing robotics and artificial intelligence You’re watching a ‘LabDroid Maholo’ in action, a robotic #AI system that can help labs reliably and consistently produce useful cell types. #Robotics 6/13 elifesciences.org/articles/8…
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