The idea that there has been some deep, fundamental cognitive change in learners is unlikely. The fact that most (not all) of the tests are text-based suggests a mismatch with the post-Gutenberg Parethesis shift towards other media and the extended mind. We are now clearly in a post-print culture while continuing to educate and assess students through cognitive practices that are primarily rooted a print culture. (interesting taht science has remained stable, while reading and maths fell). Not a bad thing as the world is not going back to a purely text culture.

"Derrida is a good example of being obsessed so much by text culture that you go straight up your own backside!" We explore the [Gutenberg Parethntheses]. Did we, and are we still, stuck in a world of text? Or are we emerging into a multimodal world, similar to that before Gutenberg? podcasts.apple.com/us/podcas…