Adam Kazwell

I've been trying to write a post on why everyone should study early American history but I kept getting stuck, maybe because the premise is too presumptuous. So instead here's a post on why *I* am obsessed with it myself: 1/ it's a portal into many other histories. People naively think early America sits to the side, unconnected to anything else. It's the opposite! The founders (Jefferson, Adams, and Franklin) spent ten years (!!) in Paris working to secure French support against the English, so you get to learn all about France of Louis XVI. Franklin spent a decade in London so you learn about England of George III. Adams was raising funds for the revolution in the Netherlands so you get to learn about the Dutch. John Quincy (Adam's son and later the 6th president) was an ambassador to Russia and an eyewitness to Napoleon's invasion! 2/ it's a portal into the past. The founders were extremely well-read and steeped in the history of classic European civilization. You just cannot get them to shut up about Greece and Rome, so you absorb tons of info about those and go on the trail of Cicero, Thucydides, Tacitus, Plutarch, Homer, Horace, Terence, and so on. Jefferson was also obsessed with English civil war so you learn about Charles I, Cromwell, the English republic, and how it's all connected to American declaration of independence 120 years later 3/ the Enlightenment! America's independence happens during peak Enlightenment era and the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. Everything is brimming with new ideas and boundless optimism. People believe in their bones that nature is knowable and there is no ceiling to progress. You meet all the characters and their ideas-- Adam Smith, David Hume, Thomas Paine, Edmund Burke (Franklin was friends with all of them). Electricity gets discovered, hot air balloons get invented, we start getting modern chemistry. Edward Gibbon writes his Decline and Fall and causes a furor by lampooning early Christian saints. Franklin even meets Voltaire! 4/ the Founders! JFK once joked at a dinner for Nobel Prize winners "this is the most extraordinary collection of talent that has ever been gathered at the White House, except when Thomas Jefferson dined alone." This is only a slight exaggeration. The founders were all *very* different, and all equally impressive in their own way. Between them they were educated, civic-minded, grounded in tradition but not bound by it, full of ideas but not ideological, entrepreneurial, tenacious, prudent, brave. You will not find a more remarkable cast in all of history! The more you get to know them the more you want to spend time with them, reach for their counsel, and appreciate how much of America's success (compared to e.g. French or Russian or Cuban or Iranian revolutions) is that America was founded by better men 5/ the correspondence! The founders were fantastic writers. Letters from John Adams, his wife Abigail, Thomas Jefferson, and Benjamin Rush are some of my favorite writing, not just as historical documents, but in *any* genre. "Some people must have time to look around them, before, behind, on the right hand, and on the left, and then to think, and after all this to resolve. Others see at one intuitive glance into the past and the future, and judge with precision at once," writes John Adams. Is this not a marvelous passage?! 6/ you learn what to discount and what to keep in sight. Had you been scrolling X in ~1778 you'd see ~20% of ppl opposing independence, an even bigger "uncommitted middle", opposition repressed by patriots, prospering weapons suppliers, smallpox epidemics, backstabbing officers and politicians, devastating losses, a destitute army, desertions, hyperinflation, meddling foreign powers, mutinies, atrocity episodes on both sides. If you had let these events consume your attention, you would have misjudged the moment completely! 7/ you see the bones of the republic. Adams was an English traditionalist and viewed freedom of religion as freedom among christian denominations. His Massachusetts constitution required a christian test and established tax-supported churches. Jefferson was a reformer who reasoned everything out from the ground up. He applied freedom of religion to all religions and thought much of christian theology was superstitious gobbledygook. Knowing that we often keep circling the same tensions makes it easier to get your bearings in the present. E.g. you can view the upcoming Michigan senatorial race as revenge of the federalists or revenge of the jeffersonians, depending on how it goes 8/ the history is tangled. At Mt. Vernon about 500 feet down the hill from George & Martha Washington's magnificent house there is a wooded area with a mass burial site for the slaves. The graves are unmarked and no one knows exactly how many people are buried there. There are modern burial symbols; the curators did a good job balancing honoring the deceased and maintaining the original bare condition of the site. If you go on a good day there are many middle school group trips visiting. You see large groups of ~11yo kids at the site, mostly laughing, messing with each other, taking selfies (as 11yo kids do) 9/ perspective of the losers. How could Britain win almost every battle and still lose? What did that do to the empire, politically and psychologically? What were Howe and Clinton thinking?! How did the British political situation play out during the war? What was the thinking and ultimate fate of British loyalists? Should Britain's defeat have been obvious at the time? All this is fascinating and helpful to orient yourself in today's world. From the diary of a British officer: "nothing remains but to fight it out against a set of the most determined hypocrites and demagogues, compiled of the refuse of the colonies, that ever were permitted by Providence to be the scourge of a country." 10/ inspiration. From Jefferson's triumphant political return after humiliation as governor of Virginia and the deaths of his wife and four children, to Washington's superhuman tenacity at Valley Forge, it is difficult to find more inspiring stories in all of history. The Declaration of Independence was written for all humanity. Anyone who wishes can become its spiritual successor. It can be read on town squares of Philadelphia and on slavers’ plantation fields, as it once was, and on the streets of Tehran and Moscow, as it one day will be: "That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, --That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness." --- PS. the gateway drug is McCullough's John Adams, don't look at the reviews, don't research alternatives, just click buy and read the first page PPS. buy a physical book and destroy the margins with your notes, don't dishonor this adventure with some pristine copy or a kindle

How to capture attention: Fifteen years ago when we were building RethinkDB it was on top of Hacker News all the time. To this day ppl remember this and maybe once a month someone asks me for help with launching their project. It worked like this. I would think of an HN headline first, then we'd build the next product version to do whatever the headline promised. We'd submit to HN and it would either rise to the top or it wouldn't. Then we'd do it again. This loop taught me a few things which I use to this day: 1. It RL'ed me to generate good headlines. It's a skill you can develop through trial and error. I can maybe distill it to some rules of thumb, but a lot of it is, does it sound right? Is the rhythm right? Does the headline “hit the spot”? Not easy to explain. 2. I became headline-pilled. The world runs on headlines. People will grant you maybe 15 tokens of attention. Unless they feel there is some irreducible essence captured in these 15 tokens, they’ll move onto something else. This is true of your boss, your investors, your colleagues, your employees, your customers, social media audiences, even old acquaintances you randomly bump into. “So… what’s been going on in your life?” You only have 15 tokens, i.e. a headline, to answer this question. 3. Unless you already think in headlines, you can't build something and come up with a good headline post-factum. It just doesn't work out well. If you do that, either the headline will be true but boring, or it will be enticing but not credible. You've got to come up with a headline first and build towards it. 4. Working this way prevents feature creep. You build the minimum feature set necessary to make the headline credible. If smtg doesn't serve the headline, it's out. Once you have enough to make the headline credible, you ship. And headlines are by definition short, so your development cycle becomes very nimble and efficient. 5. It makes time-boxing easy. "Headline goes out by Sep 15th (or whatever), we gotta build enough to credibly share it with the world. Ready, set, go." This preempts all the debate about sprints, estimates, methodologies, prioritization, and so on. You just loop: headline -> build -> ship, headline -> build -> ship. It makes the development process really smooth. In the age of Codex when building is cheap, this becomes even _more_ relevant. People are DDoS'ed with information, and it will only get worse. So a headline is all you get. You can make much more ambitious headlines come true now, but you still only get 15 tokens before ppl scroll past you. Btw, once you master this idea a whole world opens up. You can play with violating these rules in a hundred ways and still capture attention. But not easy to do that until you've mastered thinking in headlines first.