ALT ERC Advanced Grant 2023 GEOCLOUD The Geopolitics of Cloud Computing: How State-Firm Interactions Shape the Geography of Computation to Produce Digital Sovereignty and Dependence. Today’s digital superpowers, the United States and China, exploit other countries’ reliance on their digital infrastructures for foreign policy and national security advantage. Governments in Europe, Asia, and elsewhere try to navigate this great power competition to retain “digital sovereignty”. A pivotal moment in these technology geopolitics is the ongoing “shift to cloud”. Instead of data being stored and processed on users’ own devices and on servers situated at organizations’ own premises, storage and processing are increasingly moving into “hyperscale” cloud data centres dotted around the world. This concentration generates significant economies of scale, decreases capital costs for firms and public sector organizations, and improves energy efficiency. However, it also creates new systemic risks, an