Werner Rall

Google Deepmind argues that LLMs can never make real scientific discoveries. They published a paper breaking down Albert Einstein’s private view of scientific discovery. In a famous letter to his friend Maurice Solovine, Einstein drew a diagram of how science actually happens. It is a cyclical loop. First, you experience raw sensory data. Then, through a mysterious, non-logical act of intuition, you make an intuitive "jump" to abstract axioms. Finally, you use strict logical deduction to derive consequences from those axioms. Generative AI has completely mastered two-thirds of this loop. • Induction: Statistical pattern matching across billions of tokens. • Deduction: Formal proof generation, like AlphaProof solving complex math Olympiads. AI can crunch data and it can prove theorems. But it cannot make the jump. The paper argues that AI completely lacks Abduction, the generation of novel explanatory hypotheses when observational data is scarce. The prevailing tech myth says that "creativity is just data compression." That if you feed an LLM enough text, scientific breakthroughs will naturally pop out. Einstein’s formulation of General Relativity proves that is a delusion. When Einstein formulated relativity, the observational data didn't demand a new physics framework; classical mechanics was still massively successful. The breakthrough required a conceptual rupture. An intuitive leap from physical reality to a brand-new set of foundational axioms. An LLM can execute the math once the axioms are given. But it is structurally incapable of formulating those premises on its own. It can interpolate inside existing human thought, but it cannot transcend it. The translation of physical reality into formal axioms remains the absolute, hard bottleneck of artificial scientific invention. We can build models with trillions of parameters. We can scale compute into the stratosphere. We can make the calculator infinitely fast. But until we solve grounding, the machine can process all the data in the universe. It still can't make the jump.