
ALT Internalization of endometrial extracellular vesicle-derived DNA by cells of the murine embryo. Confocal images show hatched embryos after co-culture with EdU-tagged ABs, MVs, and EXOs isolated from Ishikawa cell supernatants. Embryo membranes were visualized with Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) in red, embryo nuclei with DAPI, and EdU-tagged transferred DNA in green. Zoomed images taken from the areas demarcated by white boxes in merge images. Cell-free DNA and residual small-sized EVs were used as control conditions (Neg). Scale bar in zoom = 20 µm.

ALT Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as important means of cell–cell communication, having the potential to transfer various cargoes – encompassing proteins, nucleic acids, metabolites or even entire organelles — between cells. By now, the importance of EV-mediated cell–cell communication has been documented in a plethora of physiological and pathological situations, across the different kingdoms. In addition, their secretion and cargo composition can change depending on the biological context, making EVs suitable biomarkers for several diseases. EVs have also been harnessed as drug delivery agents and standalone therapeutics. In this Collection, we have put together selected articles from across the Nature Portfolio that document the recent progress in understanding the biology of EV-mediated cell–cell communication and advances in clinical translation of EVs. The Collection has been divided into four parts: 1) Basic mechanisms, which overview the biogenesis and regulation of EV.



























