they realized the web wouldn’t scale without React, so they built it, elevated it to a first-class primitive across their entire stack, and turned its programming model into the foundation of their web infrastructure. React evolved beyond a UI library into an indispensable computational substrate for the modern web: a declarative programming model, a runtime, and an abstraction boundary that fundamentally reshaped how interface state, reconciliation, and rendering are expressed. Next.js pushed this further by integrating resumability, partial prefetching, and streaming into the framework’s execution model, turning navigation and rendering into problems of dependency scheduling, cache coherence, and distributed computation web is hard