![The principal workflow for simulations of ion‐induced shock waves propagating through a DNA molecule placed in a water box. The workflow relies on the reactive CHARMM force field (rCHARMM)[11, 14] procedure and includes seven steps. Panel (a) depicts the different steps required to initiate a simulation of a completely equilibrated system (production simulation) and explains the purpose of every step. To the left side the input parameters are listed, while the right column depicts the characteristic simulation times. The bottom part illustrates several examples of results: Panel (b) shows three strand breaks occurring in the DNA molecule, panel (c) depicts ejection of a phosphate fragment from a DNA molecule and panel (d) illustrates the propagation of the ion‐induced shock wave](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EooG3X3XMAEmjdd.jpg?name=small&format=webp)
ALT The principal workflow for simulations of ion‐induced shock waves propagating through a DNA molecule placed in a water box. The workflow relies on the reactive CHARMM force field (rCHARMM)[11, 14] procedure and includes seven steps. Panel (a) depicts the different steps required to initiate a simulation of a completely equilibrated system (production simulation) and explains the purpose of every step. To the left side the input parameters are listed, while the right column depicts the characteristic simulation times. The bottom part illustrates several examples of results: Panel (b) shows three strand breaks occurring in the DNA molecule, panel (c) depicts ejection of a phosphate fragment from a DNA molecule and panel (d) illustrates the propagation of the ion‐induced shock wave


























