ALT Roadmap 1. Need as Reference Point (Bauer et al. forthcoming) 2. Need and Accountability (Bauer et al. 2022, Bauer and Romann 2024) 3. Kinds of Needs (Bauer et al. 2023) 3.1 Study 1 3.2 Study 2 4. Summary of Key Results

ALT Global Evaluation Task – Weibul estimation (reference points at 0 and 1000 units) – Sharp increase (approximately 35 percentage points), convex below the threshold, concave above – Evaluations below the threshold (excluding 0 units) significantly lower in the Need Group (Welch tests) – Evaluations above the threshold (excluding 1600, 1800, and 2000 units) significantly higher in the Need Group (Welch tests) Relative Evaluation Task – Comparisons in the Control Group fluctuate around 3 to 4 points – Evaluations below the threshold (excluding 600 and 800 units) significantly lower in the Need Group (Welch tests) – Evaluations at the threshold significantly higher in the Need Group (Welch tests)

ALT – Impartial observers assign different levels of importance to different kinds of needs – Survival > Decency > Belonging > Autonomy

ALT Analysis of Paired Cases – Approximate equal distribution with equal productivity (two-sided Welch tests) – Lower allocation to Person A in cases of unequal productivity, but still more wood than they chopped themselves (∆ = 200 − 800 = −600); in the case of Survival, close to equal distribution (two-sided Welch tests) Analysis of Mixed Cases – More wood than chopped themselves (except in the last bar) – Confirms the hierarchy from Study 1 (two-sided Welch tests) – Four kinds of needs: greatest difference (Survival – Autonomy) – Three kinds of needs: moderate differences (Survival – Belonging, Decency – Autonomy) – Adjacent kinds of needs: smallest differences (Survival – Decency, Decency – Belonging, Belonging Autonomy) – Formulations make no difference (Tobit panel regressions)