There is no question that we should reprice mispriced codes in the fee schedule, but FFS is ultimately limited in advancing the goals of physician payment reform More population-based payments (for primary care and total cost of care) can help finance care that is hard to price and ease the tradeoff between cost containment and access (otherwise front and center when the cost containment = constraining fee growth) This means that reform needs to consider the role of population-based payment in how the the various pieces fit together In this piece, I consider: A) the purpose of the APM bonus, which actually has deeper connections to sound benchmarking in ACO models than often appreciated B) how a well-designed version of the APM bonus resembles more generous primary care capitation for ACO providers C) how policymakers should have a higher comfort level going further with primary care payment reform in the context of ACO contracts, and D) how we might therefore think about achieving several goals - pulling several pieces together - under the guise of holistic primary care payment reform that considers intersections with TCOC population-based payment...